How to Explain the Menstrual Cycle to Children

Talking about the menstrual cycle with children can sometimes feel intimidating for parents and caregivers, but it is a vital step toward fostering understanding, reducing stigma, and promoting body positivity. When approached with sensitivity, factual accuracy, and empowerment, these conversations can help children develop a healthy relationship with their bodies and understand the natural processes they will experience or observe in others.

Research by psychologists emphasizes that early, honest, and respectful education about the body reduces feelings of shame and confusion. According to Dr. Laura Markham, a clinical psychologist, open conversations about bodily functions help children build self-esteem and resilience (Markham, 2012). Furthermore, the United Nations has highlighted that comprehensive sex education, including information about menstruation, is fundamental to promoting gender equality and reducing menstrual stigma worldwide (UN Women, 2014).

The key to discussing the menstrual cycle with children is to frame it as a normal, natural part of life. Using age-appropriate language and emphasizing empowerment can foster curiosity and positive attitudes rather than shame or embarrassment.

1. Use Clear, Simple Language

For young children, explanations should be straightforward. For example: “Girls’ bodies go through a process called the menstrual cycle, which is a way their bodies prepare for when they grow up and might have babies someday. Sometimes, a girl’s body releases blood from her uterus, which is a part of this process, and it’s completely normal.”

2. Normalize and Celebrate the Process

Highlight that menstruation is a sign of health and growth. For instance, “Many girls get their periods when they are around 11 or 12, but sometimes it can start earlier or later. It’s just a part of growing up, like getting taller or learning to ride a bike.”

3. Address Emotions and Myths

Children may have questions or misconceptions. Encourage openness: “It’s okay to ask questions. Some people feel confused or nervous when they learn about periods. It’s all normal.”

Psychologists recommend that parents approach these talks gradually and listen actively. Dr. Debra H. Perlman, a psychologist specializing in childhood development, suggests that "respecting a child's curiosity and providing honest information at their level builds trust and reduces shame" (Perlman, 2018).

Moreover, organizations like Planned Parenthood advocate for using correct anatomical terms and emphasizing that menstruation is a natural bodily function, which helps children feel proud and knowledgeable about their bodies.

• Use Visuals or Books: Children's books like “The Period Book” by Karen Gravelle or “It’s Not the Stork” by Robie Harris provide age-appropriate illustrations and language that normalize menstruation.
• Relate to Daily Life: If a child notices a stain or questions, calmly explain: “That’s a period, and it’s something many girls and women experience. It’s a sign that their body is healthy.”
• Model Open Attitudes: Demonstrate comfort and openness around discussing bodies and health, which can influence children’s perceptions positively.

In some cultures, discussing menstruation remains taboo, which can hinder children’s understanding. Experts recommend that caregivers create a safe space for questions, acknowledge cultural perspectives respectfully, and gradually introduce factual information to promote positive attitudes.

Education about the menstrual cycle should be ongoing, not a one-time conversation. Revisit the topic as children grow, providing more detailed information and addressing their evolving questions. This ongoing dialogue helps dismantle myths, reduce stigma, and empower children to feel proud of their bodies.

Explaining the menstrual cycle to children with respect and empowerment is essential for fostering body positivity, health literacy, and gender equality. By using age-appropriate language, normalizing the process, and creating a supportive environment, parents and caregivers can help children develop a healthy understanding of their bodies—setting the foundation for confident and informed adulthood.